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اثرات روانشناختی اجتماع ده‌هاهزار نفره مردانه در ورزشگاه‌ها

ارسال شده به دست در تاریخ نوامبر 4, 2018 | 636 دیدگاه

در خبرهای امروز (جمعه 19/5/97) آمده است که مسابقه‌ی فوتبال بین دو تیم استقلال تهران و تراکتورسازی تبریز با درگیری میان طرفداران دو باشگاه و کادر نیروی انتظامی همراه بوده است. مشابه همین خبر از مسابقه‌ی روز قبل دو باشگاه پرسپولیس و استقلال خوزستان نیز گزارش شده بود. پدیده‌ی رفتارهای خشونت‌آمیز و حرکات غیرورزشی تماشاگران در نمایش رفتار خلاف ادب انسانی، در اجتماعات ورزشی ایران هرازچندگاهی تیتر رسانه‌های خبری می‌شود. در مواردی پخش صحنه‌های غیرورزشی تماشاگران از رسانه‌ها حیثیتی ملی می‌شود و برای حفظ آبروی کشور به گونه‌ای این صحنه‌ها، سانسور می‌شود. به‌شکلی که این قضاوت در مردم شکل گرفته است که رفتار غیرورزشی و کاربرد عبارات و کلمات خلاف ادب و رکیک در ایران به میزانی بالاست که با خیلی از کشورها به‌لحاظ شدت و شیوع، قابل مقایسه نیست.

در مواردی رویه و سنتی در اداره‌ی کشور حاکم می‌شود و در مورد آن تحقیق میدانی از پیامد روانشناختی، صورت نمی‌پذیرد. برگزاری تک‌جنسیتی حضور تماشاگران در ورزشگاه با پیامد روانشناختی ازجمله مواردی است که تحقیق خاصی در این زمینه صورت نگرفته است. گاهی کار به جایی می‌رسد که با موضع‌گیری صریح مجتهدی معظم و محترم، کار مطالعاتی مسدود می‌شود و نیازی به مطالعه ندارد؛ چون قرار نیست با بررسی میدانی امر، در ابعاد مسئله به تعمق بپردازیم. اصولا فکر کردن در ابعاد آن، نه ضروری است و نه به کار می‌آید؛ چون قرار نیست. برگزاری تک‌جنسیتی تماشاگران مسابقات ورزشی در ایران ازجمله‌ی این موارد است که نتیجه‌ی تحقیق و نتیجه‌ی تعمق و تفکر، قرار نیست به‌کار گرفته شود. روش تصمیم روش علمی و مطالعاتی نمی‌باشد و انحصارا مسئله‌ی فقهی فرض شده است.

آیا تا به حال به این سئوال اندیشیده شده است که ریشه‌های روانشناختی این پدیده کجاست؟ آیا در این زمینه تحقیقات میدانی کافی صورت گرفته است؟ تا چه میزان پدیده‌ی خشونت لفظی، هتاکی، خشونت رفتاری در تماشاگران ایرانی به اجتماع تک‌جنسیتی، مربوط است؟

واقعیت این است که برگزاری اجتماع تک‌جنسیتی مردانه‌ی چندده‌هزارنفری و در مواردی یکصدهزار نفری مردانه، از ابتدای تاریخ بشر تا برگزاری مسابقات ورزشی در ایران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی مسبوق به سابقه نبوده است. گاهی اتخاذ سیاست در ایران یک رویه‌ی در جریان است که حتی به قانون مصوب تبدیل نشده است. معلوم نیست که در مرجعی قانونی، منع حضور زنان در ورزشگاه به طور رسمی به تصویب رسیده باشد و از این حیث جلوگیری از حضور زنان به‌لحاظ قانونی محل اشکال باشد. بلکه برگزاری تک‌جنسیتی تماشاگران در مسابقات ورزشی یک رویه و سنت مسلط باشد. کمااینکه مدارس تک‌جنسیتی در ایران فاقد مصوبه قانونی است.

لحظه‌ای تعمق کنیم، برای چهل سال، هزاران بار در هر سال، بالای ده‌هزار نفر مرد در یک مکان تجمع می‌کنند. اساسا از ابتدای خلقت بشر تا به امروز چنین اتفاقی در حیات بشر سابقه نداشته است؛ اینکه در مواردی یکصدهزار مرد در یک مکان با هم باشند، حتی خبرنگار زن، پزشک زن برای اقدام اورژانس حضور نداشته باشد. سئوال کلیدی این است، اثرات روانی اجتماع صدهزارنفره مردانه به رفتار مردان و حاضران، چه می‌تواند باشد؟ اگر گزارش تحقیق در دسترس نباشد که نیست، به این سئوال ساده‌ی تجربه‌شده می‌توان پاسخ داد. هریک از ما برای چند ساعت با چند نفر از دوستان خویش به‌صورت مردانه و تک‌جنسیتی به یک سفر نیم‌روزه رفته‌ایم. بعد از چند ساعت بدون زنان و دختران خانواده، چه ادبیاتی بر جمع حاکم می‌شود؟ چه جملات خلاف عرف و ادبی، رد و بدل می‌شود؟ این تحقیق قابل اجراست، در مطالعه‌ای، یک گروه ده‌نفره‌ مردان از مشاغل خاص، جوان یا سالمند، دانشجو یا طلبه، استاد یا روحانی را انتخاب کنید. برای یک سال، 24 وهله آن‌ها را به سفر نیم‌روزه تک‌جنسیتی اعزام کنید و اثرات روانشناختی آن را بررسی کنید. به‌طور قطع به این نتیجه خواهید رسید که سلامت روانی نسل در گرو حضور مشترک زنان و مردان است و با ترجیح سفر به‌صورت خانوادگی و دوجنسیتی بر سلامت موثر است. در طی این سال‌ها که بر برگزاری مسابقات با حضور تک‌جنسیتی تماشاگران در ورزشگاه تاکید شده است به این سئوال توجه نشده است که از میان عوامل متعدد مرتبط، در توجه به یک عامل تعیین‌کننده، کاربرد ادبیات رکیک و زشت و رفتار غیرورزشی در تماشاگران ایرانی در مقایسه با ورزشگاه کشوری همسایه مانند ترکیه، تا چه حد تابع حضور تک‌جنسیتی تماشاگران است. با فقهی کردن صورت‌مسئله و یا موضوع‌گیری مراجع محترم، انسداد در بررسی صورت‌مسئله –که ای کاش همین یک مسئله بود- فرجام ناخوشایندی برای این سرزمین، مردم و فرهنگ ایرانی-اسلامی، خواهد داشت.

 

والسلام

 

علی‌اصغر کاکوجویباری

دانشیار روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور

نویسنده: مدیریت سایت

اشتراک گذاری این نوشته

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    22/06/05

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    22/06/05

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    22/06/05

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    22/06/05

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    22/06/08

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    22/06/08

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    22/06/09

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